《自然》發(fā)布研究：日語、韓語或都發(fā)源于中國東北

世無常貴

本文轉(zhuǎn)自【中國日報(bào)】；

“宇宙的盡頭是 （東北）鐵嶺”，這是段曾廣為流傳的網(wǎng)絡(luò)段子，充滿幽默成分，但中國東北真的攤上“人類大事”了。它肯定不是宇宙的盡頭，但可能是數(shù)億人說的語言的源頭！

根據(jù)路透社報(bào)道，一項(xiàng)綜合了語言、基因和考古學(xué)證據(jù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，包括現(xiàn)代日語、韓語、土耳其語和蒙古語等同一語系的語言以及說這些語言的人，都起源于大約 9000 年前生活在中國東北地區(qū)種植谷子的古代農(nóng)民。

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A study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago.

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據(jù)《南華早報(bào)》報(bào)道，這份由來自英國、中國、捷克、法國、德國、日本、新西蘭、韓國、俄羅斯、荷蘭和美國的研究人員聯(lián)合公布的研究，于11月10日發(fā)布在了《自然》期刊上。

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The researchers from Britain, China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia, the Netherlands and the United States published their findings in the journal Nature on Wednesday.

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《南華早報(bào)》報(bào)道稱，形成泛歐亞語系的五個(gè)群體——日本人、朝鮮人、通古斯人、蒙古人和突厥人的起源和共同程度，長期以來一直是學(xué)者爭論的領(lǐng)域。該論文團(tuán)隊(duì)表示，最近的研究“已經(jīng)顯示出可靠的核心證據(jù)”，支持他們源自一個(gè)共同祖先的理論。

The origins and degree to which the five groups that make up the Transeurasian family are related has long been an area of contention among scholars, but the team said that recent studies “have shown a reliable core of evidence” supporting the theory that they emerged from a common ancestor.

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研究人員表示，代表著泛歐亞語系98種語言的250種詞匯概念的數(shù)據(jù)組顯示，這一語系的源頭可以追溯到9181年前住在西遼河流域的種植谷子的農(nóng)民。

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The researchers said a data set representing more than 250 vocabulary concepts in 98 languages showed the roots of the language family reaching back 9,181 years to millet farmers living in the region of the West Liao River.

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路透社報(bào)道稱，泛歐亞語系總共有98種語言，包括韓語、日語、各類突厥語系（包括在歐洲、安納托利亞、中亞和西伯利亞部分地區(qū)的土耳其語）、各類蒙古語系以及分布在滿洲和西伯利亞的通古斯語系。

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There are 98 Transeurasian languages. Among these are Korean and Japanese as well as: various Turkic languages including Turkish in parts of Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia and Siberia; various Mongolic languages including Mongolian in Central and Northeast Asia; and various Tungusic languages in Manchuria and Siberia.

這個(gè)語系的源頭可以追溯到新石器時(shí)代位于中國遼寧、吉林和內(nèi)蒙三地的遼河谷種植谷子的農(nóng)民。隨著這些農(nóng)民遷移到東北亞，其后代語言在數(shù)千年的時(shí)間里，就隨之向北和西傳播到了西伯利亞和大草原，也向東傳播到朝鮮半島并跨過海洋到達(dá)日本群島。

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This language family's beginnings were traced to Neolithic millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area encompassing parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and the steppes and east into the Korean peninsula and over the sea to the Japanese archipelago over thousands of years.

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該研究的聯(lián)合作者之一考古學(xué)家馬克·哈德遜（Mark Hudson）表示，研究人員檢查了來自中國、日本、朝鮮半島和俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的255個(gè)考古遺址的數(shù)據(jù)，從包括陶器、石制工具、種植物和動(dòng)物遺骸的人工制品中總結(jié)出相似性。他們還把各個(gè)遺址各時(shí)期的269種古代農(nóng)作物殘留物也考慮在內(nèi)了。

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這份研究的主要作者馬丁·羅貝茲（Martine Robbeets）坦言：“接受自己的語言、文化和祖先來自現(xiàn)有的國家邊界之外，是一種身份的屈服，這讓一些人還沒準(zhǔn)備好。”

Accepting that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make," said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets, leader of the Archaeolinguistic Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany and lead author of the study published in the journal Nature.

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